Angels are wildly popular among Christians. A poll a couple of years ago found that 77 percent of its American respondents expressed belief that angels exist. Michael Landon had a successful television show for years, playing an angel. Then there was the Touched By An Angel series, which was even more popular and long-lived.

messenger goddessAsk most people what an angel is, and they’ll tell you that they’re supernatural beings with wings, described in the Bible. The truth is, though, that the word “angel” doesn’t appear in the Bible once. The Bible only describes creatures called mal’akh.

Mal’akh, to European ears, doesn’t sound very friendly. It’s quite similar to words like malicious and malevolent. Mal is a prefix that Indo-European languages associate with bad intent.

So, when Christians worked to spread their religion into Europe, first through the Greeks, they encouraged the blending of the Mal’akh with something else, with a name that sounds, to European ears, much more lovely: Angelia.

It turns out that the angel is actually a pagan god… or to be more specific, a pagan goddess.

Angelia was, in pre-Christian Greek mythology, a goddess of messages. Angelia had wings, just like the angels as we visualize them today. She had, like her father, winged sandals and wings on her cap, representing her ability to move between realms such as earth and sky, moving wherever she pleased, delivering messages from Mount Olympus to the human world.

Angelia was the daughter of Hermes, the god of boundaries and ritual. Hermes was the son of Zeus, the sky god, and Maia, the earth mother goddess of the Greek religion.

Hermes was the original good shepherd, and was called Christ. His herms were symbolic precursors to the crucifixes that became popular symbols of Christianity among the Greeks. The common European monuments called “market crosses” were actually dedicated to Hermes, not Jesus.

Maia was the inspiration for the Christian legend of Mary, with a role that was mythologically just about the same, mating with the sky god, giving birth to a divine son hidden in a shelter.

So, we have a pagan goddess as the original Mary, and a pagan god as the original Jesus. Now, we have Angelia, a goddess in her own right, part of the same family, with the blood of the sky god himself running through her veins.

It looks like Christianity isn’t so much an outgrowth of Judaism as a hybrid of ancient Greek religion and Judaism. Historically, that shouldn’t come as any surprise, as the people who first developed Christianity were Hellenized Jews.

Happy Maia Day!

May 1st, 2013 | Posted by Rowan in Religion - (0 Comments)

If you doubt that we live in a religiously pluralistic culture, rather than the Christian monoculture that some assert, you need look no further than the calendar today.

greek earth goddess of mayIt’s May Day, the first day of the month of May.

Why is it called May, anyway?

It’s not because May is a month of uncertainty, with people proposing what they may perhaps do.

May is named after the earth mother goddess Maia, worshiped by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Maia was the eldest of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of the titan Atlas. As the child of a titan, Maia was at least the equal of Zeus, son of the titan Kronos. In fact, the name of Maia is the source of the word major, as she represented the growing power of fertility.

A Homeric hymn tells of how Zeus “came” to visit Maia in her “cave”, so that the sky god and the earth goddess became parents of Hermes, the Good Shepherd who moves between earth and sky. She was no virgin, but Maia is the original divinity behind the spinoff cult of the mother goddess Mary in Christianity.

In our own day, Maia has been accepted by neo-Pagans, at least one of whom celebrates Maia as “the first person of the Werde Triplicity”.

When The Crucifix Was Horny

April 18th, 2013 | Posted by Truman in Religion - (0 Comments)

herm metropolitan museum of artPious literalist Christians will tell you that the crucifix is the symbol of their religion because Jesus was crucified by the Romans. That story is certainly a part of the official Christian mythology, written down and edited together generations after the supposed death of Jesus, but there’s more to the symbol of the crucifix than that.

For one thing, as a religious symbol, the crucifix predates the legendary dates of the life of Jesus – by hundreds of years at least.

For another thing, the original crucifix was horny.

What you see here has the basic shape of what we call a crucifix, but in its time, it was referred to as a herm. It was found in Greece and is estimated to have been made around 490 “BCE”. What does BCE stand for? Perhaps it’s Before the Crucifix got Emasculated.

As you can see, before the Christians got a hold of it, there was no cloth draped strategically over the crucifix, and it had an unashamed erection. It was a phallic image – to a god of commerce, sexual and otherwise.

Sex was about more than just getting it on and having a good time. It was symbolic of the fertility that is created through all sorts of commerce, when trade, literal and metaphorical, of ideas and materials is allowed to cross the boundaries between what seem to be separate entities.

Christianity wasn’t just an outgrowth of Judaism. It was the product of a regional Hellenistic culture that included recognition of the power of the deity represented by the herm – Hermes. Hermes was the original good shepherd. Hermes was called Christ before Jesus ever was. Hermes was the big brother of Jesus, with the same parents, the son of the sky god and the earth goddess Maia.

Before Jesus was crucified in legend, Hermes was the crucifix, and the snakes of fluid transformation that climbed up the crucifix tree represented by the caduceus. The difference between Hermes and his little brother Jesus is that while Jesus regarded the serpent as evil, Hermes watched the serpent undulating, traveling back and forth opposites of shadow and light. While Jesus literally flipped out at moneychangers in the temple, Hermes had the depth to see the sacred quality of their trade, uniting sex, money and enlightenment. Hermes was a trickster, but Jesus saw only the straight lines in life, and was not described in his surviving legends as having laughed, even once.

Science and direct observation have led the reasonable majority of Americans to acknowledge that global climate change, including global warming, is taking place is being caused by human activity. Yet, our nation’s democratically-elected government has failed to take any serious action to address the escalating crisis.

The only recent action Barack Obama has taken related to the climate crisis has been to make it worse, making it illegal for American airline companies to cooperate with a system to reduce carbon emissions and radically expanding offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.

How is this stark discrepancy, between the knowledge our society has gained and the action our society has neglected to take, possible? This morning, looking in vain for any discussion on the White House web site of the climate negotiations in Qatar, I found an image that’s brought me to one possible explanation: Our nation has constructed a temporal anomaly.

Below, you can see the image I found: A picture from the front of President Obama’s winter holiday greeting cards. It shows a classic wintertime scene at the White House in Washington D.C.: Obama’s dog, Bo, wearing in a scarf to keep warm, romps in the middle of a blizzard of fluffy white snowflakes that have already accumulated to several inches on the ground.

obama bo in the snow

This image isn’t strictly a photograph, though. It’s a picture that’s been created using the imagination of artist Larassa Kabel, who specializes in creating photorealistic images… “photorealistic” referring to an image that looks like a genuine photograph, but isn’t. Bo did play in a snowstorm on the White House lawn once, but that was back in February of 2010, almost three years ago. Since then, there’s been no good snow photo op for the dog and the White House press corps to work with.

Next to the image of Bo in the snow, you see a picture of what Washington D.C. really looks like right now. It’s a photograph, from a live web cam, taken this morning. As with almost all of the northeastern United States, there isn’t a flake of snow. It’s been too warm.

Barack Obama could have chosen to send out a greeting card showing his dog Bo playing on the green grass under leafless trees on the White House lawn, but that’s not what a winter holiday greeting card is supposed to look like. Sending out a greeting card showing what looks like a dull autumn day would offend the sensibility that pervades Americans’ attachment to winter holidays. A winter greeting card isn’t supposed to be an accurate representation of what winter holidays really look like, anyway. They’re supposed to represent a holiday ideal, a kind of mythic time that persists in our minds regardless of what we actually see with our eyes when the winter holidays come around. When we think of winter holidays, we think of snow, even though snow has actually become rare on those holidays, even in our country’s northern states.

I’m beginning to suspect that this isn’t just a phenomenon that applies to the winter holidays. I think that it applies to our perception of the climate during the entire year. Rather than paying attention to what’s happening in real time, we’re living in a kind of mythical time that we’ve collectively constructed, an abstract model of our climate that persists in spite of the fact that it no longer fits the climate that’s actually now around us. We’ve placed visions of what each special day of the year, each month, and each season are supposed to look like, and we hold those visions in our heads as a stubborn schema. When we experience an abnormally early spring, late fall, or hot summer, we think of these experiences as aberrations from how things “really are”. We reflexively defend the integrity of our mythic model of the climate because it represents a sort of rhythm to life that is never supposed to change. Without the confidence that snow falls in December, rather than the rains that have come to predominate, we would feel unhinged.

The unfortunate reality is that we are unhinged. The foundational experience of our seasons has slipped out of alignment.

If we’re going to deal with that dangerous reality, we need to break the frame of the old climate that has now shifted into myth. Human beings aren’t purely rational creatures. In order to take concerted action, we need to feel the need, not just come to abstract logical conclusions. For that reason, to enable strong climate action, we need leaders, political and cultural, who are willing to show us artistic images of our new reality. We need holiday greeting cards without snowflakes. We need holiday family portaits taken outside in which no one wears any coats. We need sequels to A Year Without A Santa Claus and Frosty The Snowman, in which we really do have a year without a winter, and in which Frosty remains a puddle.

We need art that shows the threatening truth that we’re now living with, without pulling any punches. Maybe, after when this art begins to create a sense of mythic urgency to accompany the rational data of climate change that science has already provided us, we’ll begin to see Congress and the White House take action.

Photographer James Balog has created one such piece of artwork. Its a documentary film called Chasing Ice, showing the reality of glacial melting in places around the world, but in the temporally bent form of time lapse photography. It’s showing in movie theaters around the country this month.

The Original Good Shepherd

July 3rd, 2012 | Posted by Rowan in Religion - (1 Comments)

You’ve all seen those pictures of Jesus, carrying a lamb over his shoulders, a shepherd’s hook in his hand. Ever where that image originally came from, or where the idea of the Good Shepherd came from?

Below, the image on the left is taken from an ancient depiction of the Greek god Hermes, in a motif known as Hermes Kriophoros – referred to by the ancient Greeks, before Christianity, as the good shepherd.

the original good shepherd

That staff carried by Hermes was not a shepherd’s hook. It was the caduceus, a symbol of power, transcendence, and healing, featuring two snakes ascending up a symbolic tree.

greek god on the capitol domeHermes is also found, in the Roman form of Mercury, on the Capitol Dome of the Congress of the United States of America, conferring with the founding fathers. Jesus is not present there.

A More Subtle Ragnarok

May 30th, 2012 | Posted by Rowan in Religion | Reviews - (0 Comments)

This weekend, I finished reading Ragnarok: The End of the Gods, a retelling of the the ancient Norse tale of the Aesir and the destruction of the world, by British author A.S. Byatt.

Released in 2011, this version of Ragnarok is easy to find online at a fair price, but it’s not the sort of book you’ll come across walking through a Barnes and Noble. It’s not even found on Byatt’s own online list of her works.

book coverThe strength of this retelling of the material taken from the Icelandic sagas is that it’s written from an outside, non-believing perspective, as the Icelandic sagas were themselves (though they lack Byatt’s open critical distance). Byatt tells the story as she read it as a young child, which isn’t so much more distant than the telling we received from the Icelandic Christians 200 years after they abandoned their pre-Christian ways. Who’s to say what the original story was? Who’s to care? It’s what it means to us now, what it can do for us now, that matters.

Part of Byatt’s use of Ragnarok is as an ecological warning of the human destruction of life on Earth. That’s all well and good, but this ecological interpretation seems itself to be a metaphor for a deeper, more honest mourning of the open fields of childhood, and its relevance to the eventual devolution of the pure and beautiful into a black inky nothingness. This is a story of inner ecology, more to feel the honesty of than to think one’s way through.

In this childhood world, adults are like gods, and those who go off to war, and then complain of its destruction, well, did they not bring that destruction upon themselves, through their arrogance? Byatt’s realization of the superficiality of gods is a recurring theme. Loki, of them all, seems most interesting, and most powerful in the end because he is not as much of a god as the Aesir, those horn-helmed great pillars.

As Byatt has some elegant turns of phrase (“Any point on a ball is the centre and the tree was at the centre.”), but the strength of her writing is that its writerly qualities are subdued, allowing the power of the mildly cooked content to come through.

The Anatomy Of A Centaur

March 3rd, 2012 | Posted by Rowan in Irregular Ideas | Questions - (0 Comments)

Centaur (PSF)

Mythology meets anatomy: Where is a centaur’s heart? Where are its lungs? Where is its stomach? Where do its intestines start?

It’s all man on horse from here, as Rick Santorum might warn us.

Over five years ago, I first reported on the story of the Buddha Boy of Nepal, Ram Bomjon. Bomjon’s followers were declaring him to be a reincarnation of the Buddha, who was sitting under a tree without moving, meditating, not even eating or drinking for weeks on end, just like Siddhartha Guatama…

…except that Siddhartha Gautama didn’t sit under a tree for weeks on end, and preached the concept of the middle path, which was neither excessive indulgence nor excessive asceticism. Ram Bomjon was practicing the sort of extremism that the Buddha said could not work, because it was like as inflexible as an overtightened string on a sitar.

Also, whereas Siddhartha Guatama cultivated such remarkable powers of meditation that girls engaged in erotic dancing and armies threatening him with violent death could not break his concentration, devotees of Ram Bomjon complained that their guru’s meditation would be disturbed if anyone got within 15 feet of the boy, or if a medical doctor was allowed to examine Bomjon to determine that he was, in fact, not secretly taking in food or water.

When Siddhartha Gautama was attacked by the demon Mara, all Gautama did was to touch the earth with his finger to hold the Earth as his witness. When Ram Bomjon was teased by a passing villagers, Bomjon stood up, gathered his friends, and beat the villagers with sticks until they were bloody.

false buddha in nepalRam Bomjon’s supporters said that no one could watch him at night, and so no outsiders could know what the so-called Buddha Boy was doing after dark. Such efforts to prevent anyone from confirming the truth about the claims of Ram Bomjon’s magical powers led the government of Nepal to accuse Bomjon and his cadre of teenage followers of fraud. Just as the government was about to begin its investigation, Ram Bomjon got up from his daytime meditation pose, and declared that he would travel to a secret location in the forest, to continue his enlightenment efforts there.

Since that time, Ram Bahadur Bomjon has reappeared, now calling himself a bodhisatva, Palden Dorje, giving speeches about the realizations he has had as a result of his deep meditation. The odd thing is that these supposed realizations are the same old bits of Buddhist doctrine that have been preached for thousands of years, which Bomjon was taught as a child.

Now, admirers of Bomjon are reporting that, “the so-called ‘Buddha Boy’ has been sitting under a pipal tree in uninterrupted meditation since May of 2005. According to the set of people who surround and control access to Ram Bomjon, he asserted just before sitting down that he was entering into a six-year meditative state in order to attain enlightenment, a la the original Buddha Siddhartha Gautama”.

Anyone who has been following the facts of the Ram Bomjon case know that Bomjon has certainly not been engaged in uninterrupted meditation for six years straight. Ram Bomjon has been walking around, eating, preaching, and getting into fights.

These documented facts don’t seem to matter to people who believe in the magical powers of Ram Bomjon. They are so eager to have a mystical leader to place their trust in that they ignore reality and concoct increasingly absurd legends.

Some people have said that new mythology cannot be created in our time, because there’s too much documentation of facts to interfere with belief in mystical absurdities. Others, true believers, have pointed to the old magical legends of their beloved ancient religious leaders as if the legends are evidence of real supernatural events, claiming that no one could have made up such stories.

The case of Ram Bomjon proves both ideas to be plainly wrong. The invention of incredible religious legends that have no reasonable basis in historical facts is a remarkably easy task. In fact, there seems to have always been a certain sort of person who eagerly awaits such legends, requiring no proof for even the most absurd claims of miracles. Logical arguments can never dissuade such people from their beliefs, because these true believers simply ignore everything that prevents them from feeling the sense of religious rapture that they seek.